鋁合金擠壓件加工工藝分析

　　鋁合金擠壓件在近年來受到了廣泛的應用，是因為鋁合金具有輕質、高強度、耐腐蝕、易加工等優點。鋁合金擠壓件主要應用于汽車、航空航天、通信、電子、家用電器、醫療器械、機械設備等領域。

　　我國的鋁合金擠壓件生產商有很多，但是能夠滿足市場需求的卻比較少。那么，為什么鋁合金擠壓件的生產企業比較少呢？這主要是因為鋁合金擠壓件的生產工藝相對比較復雜，技術要求比(bi)較高(gao)，生產成本也(ye)比(bi)較高(gao)。

　　鋁合(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)擠(ji)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)件是(shi)以鋁合(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)為主(zhu)體(ti)材(cai)料(liao)，經過冷(leng)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、冷(leng)鍛、熱鍛、擠(ji)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、熱處理等多種工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)而(er)成。 冷(leng)鍛工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)鋁合(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)擠(ji)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)件的(de)核心工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)，其(qi)技(ji)術要求非常高。冷(leng)鍛工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)分為冷(leng)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)和冷(leng)鍛工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)，冷(leng)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)操(cao)作(zuo)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)一(yi)般(ban)(ban)在(zai)室溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)以下(xia)，而(er)冷(leng)鍛的(de)操(cao)作(zuo)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)一(yi)般(ban)(ban)在(zai)室溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)以上。冷(leng)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)分為高速(su)(su)冷(leng)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)和低(di)(di)速(su)(su)冷(leng)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)。 低(di)(di)速(su)(su)冷(leng)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)將鋁合(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)坯(pi)(pi)料(liao)以高速(su)(su)度(du)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)制成鋁合(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)擠(ji)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)件。高速(su)(su)冷(leng)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)將鋁合(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)坯(pi)(pi)料(liao)以比較低(di)(di)的(de)速(su)(su)度(du)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)制成鋁合(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)擠(ji)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)件。

　　低速冷軋工藝的優點是生產效率高(gao)(gao)(gao)，但(dan)是缺點也(ye)很明(ming)顯，生產成本高(gao)(gao)(gao)，而且(qie)對鋁合金坯(pi)料的要求也(ye)比較高(gao)(gao)(gao)。

　　高速(su)冷軋工藝的優點(dian)是(shi)生產成本低，但(dan)是(shi)缺點(dian)也很明顯(xian)，生產效率低，而(er)且對鋁(lv)合(he)金(jin)坯料的要求也比較高。

　　鋁(lv)合(he)(he)金(jin)擠壓(ya)件(jian)的生產工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)可以分(fen)為冷鍛(duan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)、冷軋工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)和熱鍛(duan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)。冷鍛(duan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)是將鋁(lv)合(he)(he)金(jin)坯料軋制成(cheng)鋁(lv)合(he)(he)金(jin)擠壓(ya)件(jian)的主要工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)。冷軋工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)也(ye)(ye)是鋁(lv)合(he)(he)金(jin)擠壓(ya)件(jian)的一種生產工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)，但是這種工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)的生產效(xiao)率相對較低，而且生產成(cheng)本也(ye)(ye)較高(gao)。

　　熱(re)鍛工藝(yi)是將(jiang)鋁合金(jin)坯料軋制成(cheng)鋁合金(jin)擠壓(ya)件(jian)的一種生產工藝(yi)，這(zhe)種工藝(yi)的生產效率(lv)和生產成(cheng)本(ben)都較高。

　　鋁(lv)合金(jin)擠(ji)壓(ya)件(jian)的生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)工藝相對比(bi)較(jiao)復雜(za)，技術要求比(bi)較(jiao)高，生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)成本也比(bi)較(jiao)高。所以，能夠生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)出(chu)符(fu)合市場需求的鋁(lv)合金(jin)擠(ji)壓(ya)件(jian)的企業相對較(jiao)少。

　　在(zai)近年(nian)來(lai)，隨著我國汽車工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)和(he)航空航天工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)的發展，對鋁合(he)金擠壓件的需求量也在(zai)不斷增加，那么(me)，如(ru)何才(cai)能(neng)生產出符合(he)市場需求的鋁合(he)金擠壓件呢？這就需要我們結合(he)實際情(qing)況，選擇(ze)適合(he)自己企業(ye)的生產工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝。

　　目前，我國鋁(lv)合(he)金(jin)擠(ji)壓(ya)件(jian)的生產技術(shu)已(yi)(yi)經(jing)相(xiang)當成(cheng)熟，不少企業已(yi)(yi)經(jing)開始采用冷(leng)鍛(duan)工(gong)藝生產鋁(lv)合(he)金(jin)擠(ji)壓(ya)件(jian)了。冷(leng)鍛(duan)工(gong)藝相(xiang)對來說技術(shu)要求較(jiao)高，但(dan)是生產成(cheng)本較(jiao)低，而且生產效率也較(jiao)高。所以，越(yue)來越(yue)多的企業采用冷(leng)鍛(duan)工(gong)藝生產鋁(lv)合(he)金(jin)擠(ji)壓(ya)件(jian)。

　　鋁合金擠壓件的生產工藝(yi)(yi)(yi)可以分為冷(leng)(leng)鍛工藝(yi)(yi)(yi)、冷(leng)(leng)軋工藝(yi)(yi)(yi)和熱(re)鍛工藝(yi)(yi)(yi)。這三(san)種工藝(yi)(yi)(yi)的生