一、CNC臥式加工中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)的(de)概述　　CNC臥式加(jia)工中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)是一種具有(you)自動化(hua)加(jia)工能力(li)的(de)機床，它采(cai)用數控系統控制機床的(de)運(yun)動，能夠實現高(gao)速、高(gao)精(jing)度的(de)加(jia)工臥式加(jia)工中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)主(zhu)(zhu)要由(you)主(zhu)(zhu)軸系統、工作(zuo)臺(tai)、工作(zuo)臺(tai)支撐軸系統、主(zhu)(zhu)軸控制系統、刀架系統和(he)機床底座等組成。

　　1.1 主軸系統　　主軸系統主要由主軸、主軸軸承、主軸傳動部件、潤滑系統和制動系統等組成主軸采用高強度、精密度高的(de)(de)專用軸材料制備，配(pei)備優質(zhi)的(de)(de)高精度軸承(cheng)，主(zhu)軸傳動部件采用優質(zhi)的(de)(de)齒輪、齒條、絲杠(gang)等(deng)，保證主(zhu)軸系統(tong)高精度、高速(su)度、高效率的(de)(de)工(gong)作。

潤(run)(run)滑(hua)系統主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)分為油(you)(you)潤(run)(run)滑(hua)系統和油(you)(you)氣潤(run)(run)滑(hua)系統兩種油(you)(you)潤(run)(run)滑(hua)系統由(you)油(you)(you)泵(beng)、油(you)(you)濾芯、油(you)(you)管(guan)、油(you)(you)缸(gang)和油(you)(you)槍等組(zu)成，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)通過油(you)(you)泵(beng)將潤(run)(run)滑(hua)油(you)(you)輸送至主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)軸(zhou)(zhou)承、主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)傳動部件、齒輪箱(xiang)和其他部位，潤(run)(run)滑(hua)油(you)(you)的壓力由(you)油(you)(you)泵(beng)的工作壓力和油(you)(you)缸(gang)的推力共同作用產生。

油(you)氣潤(run)(run)滑(hua)系統由壓縮機(ji)、氣源(yuan)處理(li)器、油(you)濾(lv)器和(he)潤(run)(run)滑(hua)油(you)缸(gang)等組成(cheng)，主要通過氣源(yuan)處理(li)器將(jiang)空氣輸送至潤(run)(run)滑(hua)油(you)缸(gang)，潤(run)(run)滑(hua)油(you)缸(gang)的(de)排氣閥門隨(sui)著(zhu)潤(run)(run)滑(hua)油(you)的(de)耗盡而自(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)關閉，從而保證(zheng)潤(run)(run)滑(hua)油(you)的(de)質(zhi)量　　制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)系統主要有離合制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)器和(he)飛(fei)刀制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)器兩種。

離合制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)是(shi)通過摩(mo)擦(ca)片的(de)(de)摩(mo)擦(ca)力來實(shi)現對主軸(zhou)(zhou)的(de)(de)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)，飛刀制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)是(shi)利用(yong)飛刀的(de)(de)飛行速度來實(shi)現對主軸(zhou)(zhou)的(de)(de)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)系統的(de)(de)選擇主要考慮到(dao)主軸(zhou)(zhou)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)需(xu)要、主軸(zhou)(zhou)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)效(xiao)率和主軸(zhou)(zhou)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)成本　　1.2 工作(zuo)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)　　工作(zuo)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)由工作(zuo)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)、工作(zuo)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)支(zhi)撐軸(zhou)(zhou)、工作(zuo)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)附件、潤滑系統和制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)系統等組成。

工(gong)(gong)(gong)作臺供機夾具、夾具、工(gong)(gong)(gong)件夾具和(he)其他工(gong)(gong)(gong)具安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)，并通過(guo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作臺支撐軸的運動(dong)實現對(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件的加工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作臺附件主(zhu)要有冷(leng)卻裝(zhuang)置(zhi)、噴油(you)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)、燈光裝(zhuang)置(zhi)、噪聲(sheng)控制裝(zhuang)置(zhi)和(he)安(an)(an)全裝(zhuang)置(zhi)等　　潤(run)滑(hua)(hua)系統主(zhu)要分為油(you)潤(run)滑(hua)(hua)系統和(he)油(you)氣潤(run)滑(hua)(hua)系統兩種。

油(you)潤(run)(run)(run)(run)(run)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)系統由油(you)泵(beng)、油(you)濾(lv)芯(xin)、油(you)管(guan)、油(you)缸和(he)油(you)槍等(deng)組成，主要(yao)通(tong)過(guo)油(you)泵(beng)將(jiang)潤(run)(run)(run)(run)(run)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)油(you)輸送至工(gong)作(zuo)臺滑(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)塊(kuai)、滑(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)塊(kuai)齒輪箱(xiang)和(he)其他(ta)部位，潤(run)(run)(run)(run)(run)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)油(you)的(de)壓力由油(you)泵(beng)的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)壓力和(he)油(you)缸的(de)推力共同(tong)作(zuo)用產(chan)生油(you)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)潤(run)(run)(run)(run)(run)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)系統由壓縮機、氣(qi)(qi)(qi)源處理器(qi)(qi)、油(you)濾(lv)器(qi)(qi)和(he)潤(run)(run)(run)(run)(run)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)油(you)缸等(deng)組成，主要(yao)通(tong)過(guo)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)源處理器(qi)(qi)將(jiang)空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)輸送至潤(run)(run)(run)(run)(run)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)油(you)缸，潤(run)(run)(run)(run)(run)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)油(you)缸的(de)排氣(qi)(qi)(qi)閥門(men)隨著潤(run)(run)(run)(run)(run)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)油(you)的(de)耗(hao)盡而自動(dong)關閉，從而保證潤(run)(run)(run)(run)(run)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)油(you)的(de)質(zhi)量(liang)。

制(zhi)動系(xi)統(tong)主要有離合制(zhi)動器(qi)和(he)飛刀制(zhi)動器(qi)兩種。離合制(zhi)動器(qi)是(shi)(shi)通過(guo)摩擦片的(de)(de)(de)摩擦力來實現對(dui)工作臺的(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)動，飛刀制(zhi)動器(qi)是(shi)(shi)利用飛刀的(de)(de)(de)飛行速度來實現對(dui)工作臺的(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)